![]() ![]() The membrane can also show the pattern of the animal’s vein network called the “veining” of the sheet.Īny remaining hair is removed (“scudding”) and the skin is dried by attaching it to a frame (a “herse”). The skin is attached at points around the circumference with cords to prevent tearing, the maker wraps the area of the skin to which the cord is to be attached around a pebble (a “pippin”). The hair follicles may be visible on the outer side, together with any scarring, made while the animal was alive. ![]() The “inside body side” of the skin is the usually lighter and more refined of the two. It is then soaked in lime for several days to soften and remove the hair. Once clear, the two sides of the skin are distinct: the side facing inside the animal and the hair side. The skin is washed with water and lime (Calcium hydroxide), but not together. Vellum is a translucent material produced from the skin, often split, of a young animal. Modern “paper vellum” (vegetable vellum) is a quite different synthetic material, used for a variety of purposes including plans, technical drawings, and blueprints. A final finish may be achieved by abrading the surface with pumice, and treating with a preparation of lime or chalk to make it accept writing or printing ink. To create tension, scraping is alternated with wetting and drying. The manufacture involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame (a “herse”), and scraping of the skin with a hemispherical knife (a “lunarium” or “lunellum”). Vellum is generally smooth and durable, although there are great variations depending on preparation, the quality of the skin and the type of animal used. ![]()
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